Hei pokapū matua e āhei ai te tuku hiko hurihuri 360° o te hiko, ngā tohu whakahaere me ngā raraunga tere-teitei i roto i ngā waka rererangi me ngā taputapu hōia tino tika, ka whakatau tika ngā mowhiti paheke arataki i te pumau o te mahi i roto i te āmiomio me te roa o te mahi o ngā taputapu katoa. Kāore i rite ki ngā mowhiti paheke ahumahi whānui, me tu atu ngā mowhiti paheke e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi rererangi i ngā taiao tino kino tae atu ki te korehau nui, te irahiko ātea, te huringa pāmahana whānui, te wiri auau teitei me te ru. I taua wā, me whakakore katoa ngā hapa whakamate pērā i te tukunga wāhanga, te pakaru o te whakamarumaru, te whakaiti tohu me ngā hapa whakapā.
He maha ngā hapa o te kaupapa, te whakahekenga o te ora ratonga taputapu koi, me te mahi ā-roto rerekē i ahu mai i ngā tawhā kōwhiringa mowhiti paheke kāore i te ōrite, ngā tukanga whakamahana iti iho i te paerewa, me te koretake o te urutau taiao. Mā te whakakotahi i ngā whakaritenga āhua mahi motuhake mō te rererangi me ngā paerewa ahumahi mana, ka wetewetehia e tēnei pepa ngā whakaaro hoahoa puta noa i ngā wero whakahaere tino nui o te rererangi, te hoahoa tukunga wāhanga me te whakamahana, te taurite mana me te ngaohiko, te tuku tohu tere teitei, te urutau taiao, te ora ratonga me te kōwhiringa rauemi, me ngā paearu aromatawai whakamātautau. Ka whakaratohia he tohutoro whakatau mahi mō ngā miihini R&D, ngā miihini hanganga me te hiko kia whakapoto rawa i ngā huringa kōwhiringa me te karo i ngā mōrearea hoahoa.
I. Ngā Wero Matua Motuhake e Pā Ana ki ngā Mowhiti Paheke Arataki i roto i ngā Āhuatanga Whakahaere Rererangi
Ko ngā mowhiti paheke rererangi e whakamahia ana mō ngā tikanga whakatikatika taunga amiorangi, ngā ringa karetao teihana mokowhiti, ngā taputapu kimi rererangi, ngā tikanga hurihuri waka whakarewa me ētahi atu wāhanga matua. Kei te whakahaerehia i te ara porowhita me te kore tiaki ā-ringa me te kore e aro ki te hapa, e whā ngā wero whakahaere tino nui e rerekē ai rātou i ngā mowhiti paheke ahumahi ā-iwi:
1. Taiao Korehau Nui
Ka puta te hau o ngā rauemi i te korehau nui i te wāhi, ka memeha haere ngā matū waro, ka ngaro hoki ngā hinu whakahinuhinu. Ka tukuna e ngā rauemi ārai mate tuku iho me ngā matū kohua ngā matū memeha ka whakapoke i ngā atanga whakapā o te mowhiti paheke, ka puta te ātete whakapā hurihuri me te ngoikore o te mahi ārai mate, ka ngāwari ai te pakaru o te tukunga wāhanga i muri i te whakamahinga roa. Hei tāpiri, kāore e taea e te wera te memeha mā te hau i raro i te korehau, ka hua ake te wera hiko kua kohia, ka tere ake te koroheketanga o te ārai mate. Me whakaatu ngā mowhiti paheke ā-rangi i te tere o te whakaputa hau o ngā rauemi ≤ 5×10⁻⁷ Pa·m³/s hei whakakore i ngā tūponotanga poke memeha.
2. Te Whakararuraru i te Irahiko Ātea
Mā te pupuhi roa a ngā hihi o te ao, te hihi ultraviolet me ngā matūriki kaha-nui ka pakaru, ka whakakorikori hoki i ngā rauemi whakamahana polymer noa, ka nekehia ngā pūmau dielectric, ka whakararu i te ātete whakamahana, ka ngoikore hoki te ātete ngaohiko. Ka mutu, ka arahi tēnei ki te turuturu hiko, te tukunga hapa, te whakawhitiwhiti tohu, tae noa ki te korenga o ngā hononga tuku i ngā wā tino kino.
3. Te Pahikara i te Mahana Tino Nui-Iti
Ka pāngia ngā waka mokowhiti e te pāmahana teitei i raro i te rā, me ngā pāmahana cryogenic i te atarangi, me ngā awhe pāmahana mai i te -60℃ ki te +125℃. Ka puta te whānui me te whakahekenga wera koretake o ngā wāhanga mowhiti paheke nā ngā rerekētanga nui o te pāmahana, ka hua ake he paparanga whakamarumaru pakaru, he paparanga kohua pakaru, me ngā āputa whakapā neke. Ka kino ēnei ki te kounga o ngā hanganga whakamarumaru, ka hanga hoki i ngā awaawa mō te tukunga wāhanga.
4. Te wiri me te ru auau-teitei
I te wā e whakarewahia ana te rōkete me te whakatikatika i te āhua o te āmiomio, ka mau te wiri auau teitei me ngā kawenga pānga ohorere i ngā mowhiti paheke. Ka ngāwari te hua o ngā hononga paraihe kua wehea, ka wetekina ngā hanganga whakamarumaru me ngā paparanga hiko kua pakaru, ka whakapohehe i ngā mara hiko ā-rohe me te whakaoho i te tukunga wāhanga me ngā pakaru hiko e tino whakapoto ana i te roa o te ratonga taputapu.
II. Te Pono Matua o ngā Mowhiti Paheke Rererangi: Te Hoahoa Ārai me te Ārai me te Whakahaere Tukunga Wāhanga (PD)
Ko te tukunga wāhanga te tino take o te rahunga o te whakamahana me ngā hapa mahi roa i roto i ngā mowhiti paheke rererangi. I raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere korehau, ngaohiko teitei me te huringa pāmahana, ka puta he mara hiko rohe kukū i roto i ngā dielectric whakamahana, i ngā āputa atanga rauemi me ngā hapa tukanga, ka puta he tukunga hiko ngoikore. Ko te tukunga tāpiri i roto i te wā ka pakaru ngā paparanga whakamahana, ka tahuna ngā ara iahiko mowhiti me te whakakore i te tuku tohu - he mōrearea nui me whakakore mō ngā taputapu rererangi tino tika. Ko te whiriwhiri rauemi whakamahana me ngā tukanga kohua ko ngā tikanga matua e rua o te pehi tukunga wāhanga.
1. Ngā Paerewa Kōwhiringa Rauemi Ārai Rererangi
Whakarērea ngā rauemi whakamahana epoxy me te kirihou whānui. Ko ngā mowhiti paheke rererangi pono-teitei e whakatairanga ana i ngā rauemi whakamahana motuhake e ātete ana ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te hihi, te iti o te hau e puta ana, me te mahi dielectric pumau. Ko ngā kaupapa whiriwhiri matua e whai ake nei:
- Konumohe Waikura Uku (Al₂O₃): Ko te rauemi whakamarumaru rererangi rongonui, he ātete whakamarumaru tino teitei, he whānui te ātete ki te pāmahana, he ātete ki te hihi, kāore he mimiti, ā, he kaha miihini teitei. Ka pehi i te tukunga wāhanga mā te whakakore i te whakapōturi o te mara hiko, ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā mowhiti whakamarumaru me ngā wāhanga hanganga pupuri paraihe o ngā mowhiti paheke e mau ana i te amiorangi mō te mahi roa i roto i te āmiomio kāore e tiakina.
- Kiriata Polyimide Motuhake (PI): He pai mō te wehewehe i ngā ara iahiko mowhiti angiangi. He ātete ki te hihi, he whānui te awhe pāmahana, he iti te ngaronga hiko-kore, ā, he kaha te pumau o ngā āhuatanga, e ātete ana ki te whakarerekētanga me te pakaru i raro i te huringa pāmahana hei karo i ngā āputa whakamarumaru.
- Ngā Kirihou Pūoro Kua Whakarerekētia: He pūmau hiko tino iti, he ārai i te koroheketanga, ā, kāore e waikura, e ārai ana i te hekenga o te mahi whakamahana i raro i ngā taiao makuku me te korehau. Kua whakamahia hei tiaki whakamahana i ngā ara iahiko mowhiti tohu tere-teitei.
Tāurangi kōwhiringa whakahau: I raro i te pāmahana me te haumākū noa (20℃, haumākū ≤75%), me ≥500 MΩ te ātete whakamarumaru i waenga i ia ara iahiko me waenga i ngā ara iahiko me te whare (kua whakamātauria ki te 500 V DC) kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga pono o te whakamarumaru teitei o te rererangi.
2. Te Pehi i te Tukunga Wāhanga mā roto i ngā Tukanga Whakatō
Ko ngā āputa huihuinga, ngā āputa porowhita mowhiti me ngā kōhao hanganga i roto i ngā mowhiti paheke he wāhi tino kitea o te tukunga wāhanga. Ka whakakīia katoatia e ngā tukanga kohua kounga teitei ngā āputa moroiti, ka whakataurite i te tohatoha o te mara hiko, ā, ka wehea te hau me te pāpāho korehau hei whakakore i ngā awa tukunga. Ka whakamahia e ngā mowhiti paheke rererangi te kohua tango hau me ngā tukanga whakamaroke kua whakaritea, he rerekē ki te kohua ahumahi whānui:
- Whakamahia he piripiri kohua iti-te-aukati, iti-te-hau, ātete-irahiko hoki mō te rere-ā-rangi hei whakakore i te mimiti pakari me te pakaru o ngā mea e wehea ana;
- Whakakīia katoatia te kohua i raro i te korehau katoa hei tango katoa i ngā mirumiru o roto, hei karo hoki i te rerenga wāhanga i puta mai i te pakaru hiko o ngā mirumiru;
- Whakatinanahia te whakamaroke ā-wāhanga hei whakaiti i te ahotea wera, hei urutau ki te huringa pāmahana tino kino, hei pupuri hoki i te pumau o te hanganga whakamarumaru mō te wā roa.
3. Ngā Paerewa Whakamātautau me te Aromatawai Tukunga Wāhanga (PD) o te Rererangi
Me whakamātautau motuhake ngā mowhiti paheke rererangi katoa i mua i te tukunga, hei whakatauira i ngā āhuatanga mahi tino kino i roto i te āmiomio. Ko ngā tikanga whakamātautau matua me ngā paearu whakaoti kua tohua i raro nei:
- Ngā tikanga whakamātautau: Taiao korehau whakaata + huringa pāmahana teitei-iti (-60℃ ~ +125℃), me te ngaohiko whakahaere whakatauranga me te 1.2 ngā wā o te ngaohiko taumaha e whakamahia ana;
- Ngā tohu aromatawai matua: Te rahi o te tukunga wāhanga ≤5 pC i raro i te ngaohiko whakatauranga, kāore he pāorooro tukunga tonu, kāore he pakaru o te whakamarumaru, ā, kāore he ngoki o te mata;
- Whakamātautau koroheketanga: Whai muri i te 1000 hāora o te koroheketanga tonu i roto i te huringa pāmahana teitei-iti, ko ngā tohu tukunga wāhanga kua whakamatautauria anō kāore e whakaatu i te hekenga me te pikinga o te ātete whakamarumaru ≤5%.
III. Ngā Aratohu Kōwhiringa Mahi Whānui-Katoa mō ngā Tawhā Mowhiti Paheke
Haunga te hoahoa pono mō te rererangi, me taurite te kōwhiringa mowhiti paheke puta noa i te tuku hiko, ngā tohu tere teitei, te urutau taiao me te roa o te ratonga me ngā āhuatanga tiaki hei karo i ngā hapa i puta mai i ngā tawhā koretake, i ngā tawhā rānei.
1. Kōwhiringa Mana me te Ngaohiko: Te Whakataurite i ngā Porowhita Mowhiti me ngā Whakatauranga Āraitanga
Ko te tuku hiko te mahi matua o ngā mowhiti paheke. Ko te whiriwhiri e arotahi ana ki te whakataurite i te horahanga whakawhiti-wāhanga o te mowhiti me ngā tawhā ātete ngaohiko dielectric whakamahana i runga i te iahiko whakahaere kua whakatauria, te taumata ātete ngaohiko me te rahinga ara iahiko, me te whakakore i ngā mōrearea o te kohikohinga wera nui-auau, te pakaru o te ngaohiko nui me te koroheketanga o te whakamahana. Ka āraia rawatia e ngā tono rererangi te whakamahinga o ngā mowhiti paheke ahumahi whānui; me whakataurite rawatia ngā tauira me ngā tawhā mowhiti paheke mana rererangi-papa. Ko ngā tauira mowhiti paheke mana rererangi me ngā horopaki e tika ana kua whakarārangihia hei tauira tohutoro i raro nei:
Ngā Tauira Mowhiti Paheke Mana Rererangi Noa me ngā Horopaki Taurite
- Mowhiti Paheke Mana Au-Tiketike Rererangi DHK065-6 Nui. Kua whakatapua mō te tuku hiko mana-tiketike mō ngā waka whakarewa rererangi me ngā taputapu rererangi. He poka o roto 65 mm, e 6 ngā porowhita porowhita au-tiketike me te au kotahi-porowhita kua whakatauria tae atu ki te 100 A me te ātete ngaohiko 800 V DC. E whakamahi ana i te whakamahana uku konumohe waikura me te tukanga kohua korehau me te nui o te tukunga wāhanga ≤3 pC. Ko tōna tere whakaputa hau korehau e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa rererangi, e manawanui ana ki te huringa pāmahana whānui -65℃ ~ +130℃, ā, kua paahitia te tiwhikete wiri me te ru rererangi. Ka whakakorea te pakaru o te whakamahana me te tukunga wāhanga i puta mai i te kohi wera au-tiketike, he pai mō te tuku hiko kawenga mana-tiketike matua i roto i ngā tono rererangi.
- Mowhiti Paheke Mana Rererangi Paerewa DHK038-18-5A In-giant. Tauira whānui mō ngā tikanga whakatau amiorangi reo-rahi me te iti, me ngā taputapu whakamātautau rererangi. 18 ngā ara iahiko tohu me te mana whakauru me te iahiko kotahi-ara iahiko 5 A kua whakatauria me te ātete whakamarumaru ≥1000 MΩ. Ka tukuna e te hanganga pa paraihe maha-taupoki koura-koura te iti rawa o te ātete pa, e whakarite ana i te mahi pumau i raro i te mahi ā-pōkai roa, te pāmahana teitei-iti me te taiao irahiko korehau. He mowhiti paheke mana rererangi paerewa tawhito mai i In-giant.
- Mowhiti Paheke Hōia Whakauru Hiko-Hauora DHS085-26-1Q nui rawa atu. He hanganga whakauru me ngā ara iahiko hiko 26 + 1 hongere hauora, 85 mm te whānui o waho. He pai mō ngā taputapu whakamātautau hononga whenua rererangi me ngā taputapu whakauru hurihuri rererangi. He teitei te whakamarumaru me te iti o te hau e puta ana me te tiaki IP65 e rite ana ki ngā āhuatanga whakahaere whenua uaua, e tautoko ana i te tuku hiko me te hononga hauora mō ngā taputapu tautoko rererangi i raro i ngā āhuatanga whakahaere hiato.
Ngā Ture Whakawa Kōwhiringa
Whakaritea ngā mowhiti paheke iti-auau 3–10 A mō ngā ara iahiko whakahaere rererangi tuku iho; rāhuitia te 1.2–1.5 ngā wā o te auautanga auau mō ngā kawenga tuku hiko teitei. Me whakamahi ngā tikanga whakahaere ngaohiko teitei i ngā hanganga whakamarumaru uku hei whakakore i te koretake o te ātete ngaohiko me ngā mōrearea tukunga o te whakamarumaru kirihou noa.
2. Kōwhiringa Tuku Raraunga Tere-Tiketike: Whānuitanga o te Aratuku, Ngā Kawa me te Whakaiti i te Haruru
Ko ngā raraunga telemetry tere-teitei, ngā whakaahua whakamārama-teitei, te Gigabit Ethernet me te tuku tohu pahi tere-teitei i runga i te waka mokowhiti e whakatakoto ana i ngā whakaritenga tino kaha mō te whānui o te mowhiti paheke, te ōritetanga aukati, te pehi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te ārai haruru. Ka pāngia ngā mowhiti paheke tuku iho e te ngaronga o te mōkihi tohu, te whakaroa, te hapa moka me te whakaiti whānui. E hiahiatia ana ngā mowhiti paheke tohu tere-teitei motuhake e ōrite ana ki ngā kawa tere-teitei rerekē. Ko ngā tauira hua noa me ngā kaupapa ōrite koia ēnei:
- I roto i te nunuiDHK070F-45-5AKo te Opto-Electronic Hybrid Aerospace High-Frequency Slip Ring Flagship he tauira opto-electronic ā-rangi kua whakauruhia mai i In-giant, e whakakotahi ana i ngā ara iahiko tohu hiko e 45 me ngā hongere muka whatu. E tautoko ana i te tuku auau teitei DC-18 GHz me ngā kawa tere teitei Ethernet 10-Gigabit me te taurite aukati tika me te ngaronga whakaurunga tino iti. Kāore he tohu e nekeneke ana i raro i ngā āhuatanga korehau me te irahiko, e whakatau katoa ana i ngā take whakawhiti hurihuri hihiri me te ngaronga mōkihi. He pai mō ngā horopaki tino tika pēnei i te telemetry tere teitei amiorangi me te tuku whakaahua whakamāramatanga teitei ā-rangi.
- Kua whakarārangihia mana te Mowhiti Tohu Wehewehe 26-Hongere Ritenga mō te Rererangi me te Rererangi ki te paetukutuku. He maha ngā hongere tohu motuhake kua tiakina, kua whakamahanatia hoki e hototahi ana ki ngā kawa CAN, RS485 me Gigabit Ethernet katoa. Ka whakakorea e ngā ara iahiko hiko me ngā ara iahiko tohu kua wehea ā-tinana te pokanoa hiko, i hangaia mō te tuku tohu māmā o ngā amiorangi moroiti me ngā kawenga kimi rererangi.
- I roto i te nunuiDHS020-12-2AMowhiti Paheke Tohu Mōroiti Tika He hanganga kāpū tino iti me te 12 ngā hongere tohu ngoikore tika (2 A mō ia ara iahiko). Ko ngā hononga whakarewa utu nui koura-koura he rerekētanga ātete whakapā ≤4 mΩ, kāore e puta he paru whakakoi, he poke korehau rānei. He pai mō te tuku pumau o ngā tohu ngoikore i roto i ngā amiorangi nano-iti me ngā taputapu pūoko tika ā-rangi, e tutuki katoa ana i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere mō te ma me te pumau o te ā-rangi.
Ngā Kaupapa Matua o te Kōwhiringa Matua
Me whakamahi ngā mowhiti paheke tere-teitei motuhake kua āraia mō ngā tohu matihiko tere-teitei; kāore e whakaaetia te whakarārangi whakauru o ngā ara iahiko hiko me ngā ara iahiko tohu. Mō ngā whānuitanga o Gigabit me runga ake, manatokohia te aukati auau-teitei o te mowhiti paheke, te ngaronga whakaurunga me ngā tohu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kia kore ai he ngaronga pākete raraunga i raro i te hurihanga hihiri.
3. Kōwhiringa Tiaki Taiao: Whakatauranga IP, Ātete Wiri me te Taurite i te Awhe Pāmahana
Me urutau ngā taputapu rererangi me ngā taputapu hōia ki te ru whakarewatanga, te irahiko korehau ātea, te pāmahana me te haumākū nui o te mara, me ētahi atu taiao uaua. Ko te whakatauranga tiaki mowhiti paheke me te ātete miihini e whakatau tika ana i te urutau taiao o ngā taputapu. Kei raro nei ngā paearu tawhā taiao mō ngā tauira matua:
- Ngā Mowhiti Paheke-Pūrua-Wāhi-Ararangi In-giant DHK Series (DHK035/DHK038/DHK065) Ko te raupapa rererangi matua i roto i te āmiomio mai i In-giant, i hangaia ki ngā rauemi motuhake e ātete ana ki te korehau me te irahiko, kāore he matū waro, ā, e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa whakaputa hau rererangi. Awhe pāmahana whakahaere: -65℃ ~ +130℃. Kua paahitia te whakamātautau huringa pāmahana teitei-iti 1000-hāora me te whakamātautau wiri me te ru matapōkere o te rererangi, kāore he tiakitanga IP e hiahiatia ana. Kua whakaritea mō ngā tikanga hurihuri o ngā amiorangi, ngā waka whakarewa me ngā teihana mokowhiti hei whakakore i te koroheketanga o te whakamarumaru me ngā tūponotanga tukunga wāhanga.
- Ngā Mowhiti Paheke Parenga-Tiketike Hōia Raupapa DHS100 Nui. He hanganga tiaki IP65 kua hiri katoa me te mahi ātete puehu, ātete wai, ātete huarere me te ātete-waikura. Awhe pāmahana whakahaere: -40℃ ~ +85℃, ātete ki te wiri auau teitei me te ru ohorere. He pai mō ngā taputapu whakamātautau whenua rererangi, ngā mīhini hurihuri rererangi me ngā taputapu hōia parae me te kaha urutau taiao.
- Mowhiti Paheke Ātete-Whiri-nui FHS120-15-10112 mō ngā Mahi Tautoko Mana Hau me te Rererangi He hanganga ārai-wiri pumau teitei me te taipana tino iti me te mahi ārai-wiri, ka taea te tu atu i ngā kawenga pānga hihiri mō te wā roa me te roa o te mahi neke atu i te 100 miriona hurihanga. He pai mō ngā āhuatanga whakahaere hihiri whakarewatanga rererangi me ngā papa whakamātautau hurihuri whenua rererangi nui me ngā āhuatanga wiri teitei.
Ngā Paerewa Kōwhiringa
Whakahāngaihia ngā raupapa ā-rangi ātete-korehau me te ātete-ira mō ngā taputapu waka mokowhiti ā-pōkai; tīpakohia ngā tauira ātete-wiri whānui-pāmahana IP65 me runga ake mō ngā taputapu tautoko whenua me ngā taputapu rererangi kia tino ōrite ki ngā āhuatanga taiao mahi.
4. Te Ora o te Ratonga me te Kōwhiringa Tiaki: Ngā Rauemi Paraihe me te Hoahoa Hanganga
Ko ngā rauemi pa o te mowhiti paheke te mea matua e whakatau ana i te roa o te ratonga me ngā huringa kore tiaki. Ko ngā taputapu rererangi kore tiaki e hiahia ana kia roa rawa te ora ratonga, ā, kāore he tiaki. Ko ngā hanganga paraihe me ngā rauemi rerekē e rite ana ki ngā tauira hua me ngā tohu roa ratonga, e mārama ana te wehewehe i te wā e whiriwhiria ana:
(1) Ngā Hoapā Koura-Koura Utu Nui (He pai ake te rererangi)
Ngā tauira māngai:DHK070F-45-5A, DHS020-12-2A, Mowhiti Paheke Tohu Motuhake 26-Hongere Ritenga mō te Rererangi. E whakamahi ana i te hangarau whakapā paraihe maha-taupoki koura In-nui i whakawhanakehia e ia anō me te kiato teitei o te pūwāhi whakapā, te ātete whakapā tino iti me te pumau, te ātete waikura, te manawanui korehau me te mahi irahiko anti-mokowā. Kāore he para whakakoi e puta i te wā e whakahaerehia ana hei karo i te poke o ngā kōhao korehau rererangi. Ko te raupapa katoa o ngā mowhiti paheke whakapā koura-koura ka tutuki he roanga mahi neke atu i te 120 miriona hurihanga me te huringa ora katoa kore tiaki, e tino rite ana ki ngā whakaritenga pakari o te waka rererangi roa-i-te-pōro me te kore-hapa, e mahi ana hei otinga paerewa mō ngā horopaki rererangi In-nui tino tika.
(2) Ngā Paraihe Koranu Pono-Tiketike (Ngā Whakaari Mana-Tiketike Hoia)
Ngā tauira māngai:DHK065-6, DHK038-18-5A. Ka whakamahi i ngā paraihe koranu ātete-mau motuhake In-nui e hono ana ki ngā porowhita mowhiti parakore-teitei, me ngā hanganga whakapā kua arotauhia mō te tuku hiko au-teitei. He pai te kawe hiko me te iti o te ngaronga wera, he ātete ki te koroheketanga pāmahana teitei me te pakaru o te pewa hiko, ka taea te kawe pumau i ngā kawenga mana-teitei mō te wā roa. Neke atu i te 80 miriona hurihanga te roa o te ratonga, he pai mō ngā pūnaha tuku hiko rererangi, ngā taputapu hōia mana-teitei me ngā papa whakamātautau whenua rererangi, he whakataurite i te pono teitei me te whai hua-utu.
(3) Ngā Paraihe Karāpiti (Mō te Whakamahinga Ahumahi Whānui Anake, Kāore e whakaaetia mō te Rererangi)
He iti te utu o ngā paraihe karāpiti engari he nui te pakaru, ā, he nui ngā para waro e puta mai ana, e whakapoke ana i ngā taiao korehau, e whakaoho ana i te tukunga wāhanga me ngā hapa pa me te kore pumau o te whakamarumaru. Kāore i te tino whakaaetia mō ngā taputapu rererangi me ngā taputapu tino tika i roto i te orbit, e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga ahumahi whānui tere-iti, iti te pono.
IV. Whakarāpopototanga me ngā Taunakitanga Whakatinanatanga Whaihua mō te Kōwhiringa Mowhiti Paheke Rererangi
Ko te raupapa matua mō te kōwhiringa mowhiti paheke hiko rererangi pono-teitei ko: te urutau ki te taiao mahi > te pono o te whakamarumaru me te tukunga wāhanga > te taurite i ngā tawhā hiko/tohu > te roa o te ratonga me te kōwhiringa rauemi. He rerekē ki ngā mowhiti paheke ahumahi e whakaarohia ana te taurite tawhā anake, me manatoko tuatahi ngā tono rererangi i te putanga hau korehau, te ātete i te hihi, te manawanui pāmahana teitei-iti me ngā tohu tukunga wāhanga PD, i mua i te kōwhiringa i ngā tauira pakeke e rite ana i runga i te iahiko hiko, te whānui tere-tiketike me ngā whakaritenga tiaki wiri.
- Ngā amiorangi moroiti-nano me ngā taputapu tohu tere-tiketike tika: WhakatairangahiaDHK070F-45-5Amowhiti paheke ranu hiko-whakaahua me te mowhiti paheke tika iti DHS020-12-2A;
- Pūhiko hiko-ā-pōro me ngā taputapu matua o te waka whakarewa: WhakatairangahiaDHK065-6mowhiti paheke rererangi au nui;
- Whakamātautau whenua rererangi me ngā taputapu hōia rererangi: WhakatairangahiaDHS100raupapa tiaki-teitei me te mowhiti paheke whakauru hiko-hau.
Ka taea e ngā mowhiti paheke ā-papa rererangi In-giant katoa te whakarato i ngā huinga katoa o ngā pūrongo whakamātautau taketake a te kaihanga tae atu ki te whakamātautau tukunga wāhanga, te koroheketanga pāmahana tiketike-iti, te tere whakaputa hau korehau me te tiwhikete ārai-wiri me te ru, e tutuki katoa ana i te arotake wheketere me ngā whakaritenga whakatinanatanga mō ngā kaupapa rererangi me te hōia.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-02-2026