hangarau auaha | He mea hou te ahumahi | 22 Paenga-whāwhā 2025
1. Kupu Whakataki
Ko ngā rīra taura he taputapu takai taura e whakarato ana i te hiko, te mana whakahaere, ngā tohu whakahaere rānei mō ngā taputapu nekeneke nui. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taputapu nekeneke maha i roto i ngā mara o ngā tauranga, ngā tauranga, ngā kaupapa tiaki wai me te maitai, pērā i ngā kerene gantry, ngā kerene pourewa, ngā kerene tomokanga, ngā kerene tauranga, ngā mīhini whakahaere rauemi papatipu (ngā kaiwhakahoki wira peere), ngā kerene gantry o runga o ngā teihana hiko wai me ngā waka papatahi hiko, ngā rama me te oro o te atamira, me ētahi atu.
2. Āhua hua
E ai ki te momo mana, ka taea te wehewehe ki: te momo ā-ringa, te momo taumaha taurite, te momo rapa, te momo motuka taipana, te momo hysteresis, te momo tuku auau rerekē, te momo hononga waipēhi, me te momo hononga aukume.
E ai ki ngā rauemi takai rerekē, ka taea te wehewehe ki: te rīra taura, te rīra ngongo (he hau, he wai te reo tuku), me te rīra taura whatu.
E ai ki te whakaritenga o te taura, ka wehea ngā rīra taura ki te rarangi kotahi tuaka me te rarangi maha tuaka.
E rua ngā momo o ngā rīra taura e ai ki te tūranga o te mowhiti paheke kohikohi: te momo mowhiti paheke o roto me te momo mowhiti paheke o waho.
3. Ngā mātāpono hoahoa
3.1 Ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā momo taura
1) Te whānui o waho o te taura, e pā tika ana ki te rahi tuaka o te rīra.
2) He taura porowhita, he taura papatahi rānei. Ka taea anake te takai i te taura papatahi i te rarangi kotahi.
3) Ka pā te taumaha o te taura (kg/m) me te roa ki te mana e hiahiatia ana mō te rīra. Ka nui ake te taumaha me te roa o te taura, ka nui ake te mana e hiahiatia ana mō te rīra.
4) Ka pā te whānui piko o te taura ki te whānui iti rawa o te tīra. Mēnā he iti ake te whānui o te tīra i te whānui piko o te taura, ka pakaru te taura.
5) Ka pā te maha o ngā matua taura ki te maha o ngā mowhiti paheke kohikohi.
6) Ka pā te ngaohiko me te iahiko ki te whakamarumaru me te rahi o te mowhiti paheke kohikohi. Ka taea anake te whakamahi i te momo rapa mō ngā taputapu i raro i te 500V.
3.2. Te roa o te takai
Ka pā ki te rahi porowhita me te mana e hiahiatia ana o te tīra. Ka roa ake te roa, ka nui ake te mana e hiahiatia ana.
3.3. Te tere o te nekehanga o ngā taputapu
Ka pā ki te mana o te motuka me te ōwehenga tuku o te rīra taura hiko. Ina neke atu te tere nekehanga o te taputapu i te 60 mita/meneti, me whiriwhiri te momo whakahaere auau rerekē.
3.4. Teitei o te tāutanga taputapu
Ka nui ake te teitei o te tāutanga, ka nui ake te hiahia mō te hiko.
3.5. Tikanga takai
Pikitia tikanga takai
3.6. Ētahi atu āhuatanga
1) Rauemi rīra: maitai waro, maitai kowiri tira 304, maitai kowiri tira 316.
2) Taumata tiaki: IP55, IP56, IP65
3) Aratohu taura: mēnā e hiahiatia ana he arataki, mēnā e hiahiatia ana e te arataki te mahi tiaki i te kume
4) Aratohu taura: mēnā e hiahiatia ana he aratohu taura
5) Tikanga tuku hiko: tuku hiko waenga/mutunga, me ētahi atu.
Kauwhata Tāutanga o te anga aratohu
4. Te whānuitanga o te tono o ngā rīra taura rerekē
4.1. Rīra taura taumaha-taumaha
He taputapu miihini tēnei e huri aunoa ana i te taura mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te penapena pūngao ina hikitia te taumaha. Ina unuhia te taura, ka hurihia te rīra taura, ā, ka hurihia te rīra taura e hono tahi ana ki te rīra taura, kia hiki ai te taumaha me te penapena pūngao pūmanawa. Ina huri te rīra i te taura, ka heke te taumaha hei tuku i te pūngao pūmanawa. I raro i te mahi a te kume o te taura waea, ka hurihia te rīra taura e hono tahi ana ki te rīra taura kia huri me te huri i te taura i te wā kotahi.
Ngā Painga: he hanganga māmā, he mahi pumau, he pono hoki, he ngāwari te tāutanga me te tiaki, he roa te ora ratonga.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: he rahi nui, he iti noa iho te haere, ki te hiahiatia he haere nui, me waiho kia nui te wāhi tāutanga.
Te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga: ngā kerēne gantry me te tere poto o ngā taura rahi nui neke atu i te 35mm², ngā waka koko, ngā waka rino rewa, ngā waka paraharaha para i roto i ngā awheawhe hanga maitai me ētahi atu taputapu. He pai ēnei taputapu mō ngā pito me ngā pokapū punga taura.
4.2. Rīra taura momo-puna
He taputapu miihini tēnei e huri aunoa ana i te taura mā te whakamahi i te kaupapa o te penapena pūngao mā te tuku i te puna rīra taura. Ina unuhia te taura, ka huri te rīra hei whakau i te puna porowhita me te penapena pūngao; ina hoki mai te rīra, ka huri aunoa te rīra i te taura.
Ngā Painga: he pai te mahi tukutahi, he iti te kume o te taura, he iti te utu.
Ngā Huakore: Nā te iti o te ora o te puna tonu, he poto noa te ora o tēnei momo tīra, ā, he iti hoki nā te whiu.
Whānuitanga o te whakamahinga: Te hurihanga taura whakapae me te poutū o ngā taura hiko me ngā taura whakahaere i raro i te 35mm², pērā i te hiki i ngā kapu momi hiko, ngā hopu, ngā waka papatahi hiko me ētahi atu taputapu me ngā āhuatanga mahi rite. He pai ēnei taputapu mō te pupuri taura i ngā pito me ngā pokapū.
4.3. Rīra taura hononga aukume
Ko te hangarau matua ko te whakamahi i te hononga aukume tuturu hei tikanga rerekētanga tukutahi. Ko te tukanga hurihuri taura ko te pana i te rīra ki te hurihuri i te taura mā roto i te hononga aukume tuturu. Ka paheke tonu te hononga me te rīra i ngā rerekētanga rerekē kia rite ai te tere hurihuri taura ki te tere neke o te taputapu. Mā te whakarerekē i te taipana putanga o te hononga aukume tuturu, ka taea te whakarerekē i te kukū o te taura i roto i tētahi whānuitanga. Ko te tukanga tuku taura ka mahia mā roto i tētahi taputapu mamau kotahi-ara, ā, kāore e taea te tuku i te mana ki te hononga me te rīra. I raro i te mahi a te kukū taura, ka hinga te rīra i te hysteresis o te taputapu hysteresis tuku taura ka tukuna te taura i te tukunga tukutahi.
Ngā Painga: hangarau pakari me te utu nui. He pumau, he pono hoki te mahi tukutahi o te rīra me ngā taputapu pūkoro. Ka whakamahia te hangarau aukume tuturu i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te pūnaha tuku, me te tere iti me te kore he āhuatanga whakamahana; ina rīria te taura ki roto, ka tukuna, ka taea te whakarite i te kukū o te taura hei tiaki i te taura.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: te haruru nui.
Whānuitanga o te whakamahinga: ngā taura kei raro iho i te 35mm² ngā whakatakotoranga, pērā i ngā waka hiko papatahi, ngā trolley, ngā kerēne pourewa, ngā kerēne piriti, ngā kerēne gantry rānei, ngā tāpae me ngā tāpui me ētahi atu taputapu me ngā āhuatanga mahi rite. He pai mō ngā pito mutunga me ngā pokapū taunga taura.
4.4. He rīra taura whakapai ake i te hononga aukume
He rite tonu te kaupapa o tēnei rīra taura ki te mea i runga ake nei. Ka taea te whiriwhiri i te motuka kōpae, i te motuka pēki rānei kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kaiwhakamahi. Ko te tikanga whakahaere hiko o te rīra ko te mahi a te motuka rīra taura, ā, ka whakawetohia te motuka tuku taura.
Ngā Painga: he hanganga kiato ake, he rahi iti, he iti te taumaha, he ngāwari te tāutanga.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: te haruru nui.
4.5. Rīra taura mō te motuka taipana tū roa
He motuka taipana tōna e whakamahi ana, ā, he āhuatanga roa te tū me te whakahaere tere-ake. Ka heke aunoa te tere putanga o te motuka me te pikinga o te kawenga o waho, ā, ka whakarerekētia aunoa te tere o te taura rīra kia rite ki te tere haere o ngā taputapu; ina tukuna te taura, i raro i te mahi a te kume taura, ka hinga te taipana o te motuka tū kia tukuna te taura i te wā kotahi; ina tū me te whakaweto, ka whakamahia te parai kōpae o te motuka taipana hei raka i te taura kia kore ai e paheke te taura.
Ngā Painga: He mana tonu te mōtini, he māmā te mana hiko, ka taea te whakaiti i te tere rahunga, he whānui te awhe takai taura, ā, he roa te haere.
Ngā Huakore: I te tukunga i te taura, me kaha ki te wikitoria i te ātete o te taipana o te motuka, ā, me tūpato te whakamahi i ngā taura iti.
Te whānuitanga o te whakamahinga: ngā taura rahi nui pērā i ngā tāpae taura, ngā kaimahi piriti, ngā kerēne gantry rānei, me ngā taputapu nekeneke e rere ana i ngā tawhiti roa. He pai ēnei taputapu mō ngā pito me ngā pokapū taunga taura.
4.6. Rīra Taura Hysteresis
Ka hangaia he papa aukume maha-pou e tētahi kōpae i hangaia ki te maitai aukume tuturu hei hanga i tētahi papa aukume maha-pou e hurihuri ana. He kōpae whakapūngao kaha kei te ritenga atu o te kōpae. Ina peia e te motuka te kōpae whakapūngao kia huri i te tere teitei, ka peia te kōpae aukume kia huri mā te hononga aukume. Ina he paheke tere o ngā kōpae e rua, ka whakapūngaohia e te kōpae aukume maha-pou te kōpae whakapūngao i te taha ke, ā, ka puta he taipana (arā, "hononga aukume") e ātete ana i tēnei paheke, ā, ka akiaki (ka aukati rānei) i te kōpae aukume kia huri. Ka peia te rīra taura e te motuka hei tuku mana ki te hononga hysteresis, ā, i muri i te whakahekenga, ka tukuna te taipana kua whakanuia ki te rīra taura. Ina mahi te rīra taura, ka huri tonu te motuka i te ahunga o te hurihuri taura. Ina neke atu te taputapu hiki i te pūtake hiko, ka kumea e te taura te rīra kia hoki whakamuri, ka paheke ngā rīra e rua ka tukuna te taura ki te rīra. Ka whakarite tonu te taipana papa aukume o te hononga hysteresis kia noho te taura i roto i te āhua kukū i te wā e tukuna ana te taura. Ina hoki mai ngā taputapu hiki, ka ngaro te kukū o te taura i runga i te tīra, ā, ka huri te tīra taura i te ahunga o te takai hei whakaoti i te āhua o te takai taura.
Ko ōna painga ko te hanganga kiato, te ngāwari o te tāutanga me te tiaki, te taipana putanga ka taea te whakarerekē kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga mahi tūturu, te mahi aukati-ā-unoa pai, kāore he take ki te tāuta i ngā parai, me te whakahaere pono o te pahu taura. He māmā tana pūnaha whakahaere, ā, ka taea te hono atu ki te pūnaha whakahaere whakamua me te whakamuri o te taputapu. I te mea kei te oma tonu te taputapu, ka mahi te motuka pahu, ā, kāore e rerekē te raupapatanga ā-wāhanga. I te wā e whakahaerehia ana te pahu taura, ka taea e te hononga hysteresis te whakarerekē i te tere kia rite ki te tere oma o te taputapu manaaki, kia rite ai te tere raina o te pahu taura ki te hoki whakamuri me te tuku i te taura ki te tere oma o te taputapu manaaki.
Ko tōna ngoikoretanga, i te mea he nui te kaha o te taura me te teitei o te tāutanga o te kaihautū, kia whakaitihia ai te pikinga o te pāmahana o te rotor me te whakanui ake i te roa o te ratonga o te rotor, me whakamahi i te ariā hoahoa o te taipana iti maha-upoko, he utu nui.
He pai mō ngā mīhini me ngā taputapu nekeneke taumaha pērā i ngā kerene gantry tauranga, ngā kerene ipu, ngā mīhini uta kaipuke, ngā kerene pourewa, me ētahi atu. He pai ēnei taputapu mō ngā pito me ngā pokapū punga taura.
4.7. Rīra taura auau rerekē
Ko te motuka auau rerekē he hanganga tāutanga B5, e hono tika ana ki te pito whakauru o te whakaiti. Ka honoa tetahi pito o te rakau putanga whakaiti ki te rīra taura mā te hononga kī, ā, ka honoa tetahi pito ki te mowhiti paheke hiko i roto i te pouaka kohikohi. Ka mau te whakaiti me te pouaka tuku mowhiti kohikohi ki te tihi o te turanga. Ka motuhake te kāpata whakahaere inverter i te rīra taura, ā, ka taea te whiriwhiri i te tūranga tāutanga tika kia rite ki te āhuatanga tūturu. I raro i te vector porowhita kati (me te whakahaere vector pūoko tere), ka tīpakohia e te inverter te aratau whakahaere taipana porowhita tuwhera, ā, ka tatau i te diameter rīra tūturu o te rīra taura mā te whakauru matotoru hei whakahaere tika i te taipana putanga o te motuka, kia kore ai e puta he huringa taumahatanga i te taura nā te huringa o te diameter rīra ina takaihia ki te rīra, arā, he pumau te taumahatanga o te taura. Ko ngā painga o te rīra taura e whai ake nei:
(1) I te wā e takai ana, e wetewete ana hoki i te taura, ahakoa kei hea te taputapu e rere ana i runga i te ara, ka mau tonu te taumahatanga e pā ana ki a ia, ā, ka taea te whakarite i te taumahatanga o te taura mā te whakaurunga tawhā inverter me te mahi a te poroporo o te pouaka whakahaere, e whakanui ana i te tiakitanga o te taura, ā, e whakaroa ana i te roanga o te mahi a te taura.
(2) Ka taea e te rīra te urupare tere ki ngā panonitanga o te tere whakahaere o te taputapu, ā, ka taea te tukutahi ki te taputapu. He tika, he tairongo hoki tana mahi.
(3) Ka pakaru i te arai o te hoahoa rīra taura tuku iho pērā i te momo hysteresis me te momo motuka taipana. Kāore e herea e ngā whakaritenga motuhake o ngā whakaritenga taura, te roa o te takai, te tere taputapu me te teitei tāutanga. Ko te rīra taura o tetahi āhuatanga mahi uaua ka peia e te motuka auau rerekē me te mana rerekē.
(4) He kaha tōna urutau, ā, ka taea te mahi tonu i raro i te kawenga nui i te rā katoa.
(5) Kua honoa te rīra me ngā taputapu hei tiaki i te mahi, e ārai pai ai i ngā aituā pēnei i te whati o te taura.
(6) Ko te motuka rīra e whakahaeretia ana, e tiakina ana hoki e te kaitahuri auau, ka taea ai te whakaroa i tōna roanga mahi.
(7) Ka taea e te rīra taura momo motuka whakahaere auau rerekē te whakarerekē aunoa i te auau whakahaere o te motuka auau rerekē rīra kia rite ki te kukū kua whakaritea me te tere whakahaere o te taputapu manaaki (taraiwa), ā, ka mahi noa i tetahi tere mai i te 0 ki te n (ko te n te tere kore-tukutahi). Ina whakawetohia te taputapu manaaki, ka pēhi te motuka auau rerekē o te rīra taura kia kore ai e paheke te taura.
Ngā Painga: ka taea te whakahaere tika i te kaha, te tiaki pai i te taura, me te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te taura.
Ngā ngoikoretanga: ko te utu te mea tino utu nui i roto i ngā hua rite
Te whānuitanga o te tono: ngā kerene gantry tauranga, ngā kerene ipu, ngā uta kaipuke, ngā kerene pourewa me ētahi atu mīhini me ngā taputapu nekeneke taumaha.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-23-2025