hangarau auaha | ahumahi hou | Hanuere 15, 2025
I roto i ngā mahi ahumahi me ngā mahi arumoni, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā motuka mowhiti-paheke nā te mea he tino pai te mahi me te kaha whakaputa. Heoi, ehara i te mea ngāwari te tatau i te ngaohiko rotor o te motuka mowhiti-paheke, e hiahia ana kia mārama hōhonu tātou ki ngā mātāpono me ngā tawhā e pā ana ki a ia. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga me pēhea te tatau tika i te ngaohiko rotor o te motuka mowhiti-paheke hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakapai ake i te mahi me te pai o te motuka.
1. Ngā taahiraa taketake mō te tatau i te ngaohiko o te rotor
(I) Whakatauhia te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te motuka
Ko te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te motuka te ngaohiko paerewa mō tōna hoahoa me tana mahi, e kitea ngāwaritia ana i roto i ngā whakaritenga hangarau o te motuka. Ko tēnei uara te tūāpapa o ngā tātaitanga e whai ake nei, pērā i te turanga o tētahi whare teitei, e whakarato ana i ngā raraunga taketake matua mō te tukanga tātaitanga katoa. Hei tauira, ko te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te motuka mowhiti-paheke i roto i tētahi taputapu ahumahi he 380 V te tohu mārama i roto i tana pukapuka hangarau, koinei te tīmatanga mō tā mātou tātaitanga.
(II) Ine i te ātete o te rotor Ina mutu te oma o te motuka, whakamahia he ohmmeter hei ine i te ātete o te takai rotor. Ko te ātete o te rotor tētahi o ngā mea nui e pā ana ki te ngaohiko o te rotor, ā, ko te tika o tōna uara e pā tika ana ki te pono o te hua tatau whakamutunga. Ki te whakaaro ko te ātete o te rotor i inehia e mātou ko te 0.4Ω, ka whai wāhi nui ēnei raraunga ki ngā tataunga o muri mai.
(III) Tātaihia te ngaohiko o te rotor Ka taea te whiwhi i te ngaohiko o te rotor mā te whakarea i te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te motuka ki te ātete o te rotor. Mā te tango i te ngaohiko whakatauranga o te 380 V me te ātete o te rotor o te 0.4Ω i whakahuatia i runga ake nei hei tauira, ko te ngaohiko o te rotor = 380 V × 0.4 = 152 V.
2. Tātaritanga hōhonu o te tātai ngaohiko hurihuri
(I) Te hanganga me te hiranga o te tauira
Ko te tātai ngaohiko rotor he kīanga pāngarau e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā āhuatanga maha. I ahu mai i ngā mātāpono taketake o te hikohiko. I roto i ēnei, ko te ngaohiko stator, te paheke me ngā āhuatanga o ngā takai motuka ngā mea matua e awe ana. Mā te mārama tika ki tēnei tātai ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te matapae tika i te whanonga whakahaere o te motuka i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawenga rerekē, pērā i te whai kī hei wetewete i te mea ngaro o te mahi motuka.
(II) Te whakaputanga o te tātai me te tono mahi I runga i ngā mātāpono o te hikohiko
He tino uaua, he uaua hoki te tukanga whakaputa i te tātai ngaohiko hurihuri. E whakaata ana i te whanaungatanga tata i waenga i te papa aukume me te iahiko i roto i te motuka, ā, he mea nui rawa atu i roto i te mara o te whakahaere me te hoahoa motuka. I roto i ngā tono mahi, me te āwhina o te tātai tātai ngaohiko hurihuri ngaio, me whakauru noa e ngā kaihangarau ngā tawhā e tika ana pēnei i te auau tuku hiko, te maha o ngā pou motuka me te paheke kia tere ai te whiwhi i te uara ngaohiko tino pai e hiahiatia ana mō ngā ahuatanga whakahaere rerekē. Ehara i te mea ka tino whakapai ake i te pai o te mahi anake, engari ka whakarite hoki kia pumau te mahi a te motuka i roto i te awhe mahi tino pai.
3. Te tatau i te au o te rotor me te arotau i te mahi a te motuka
(I) He whakamārama taipitopito mō te tātai o te iahiko hurihuri
Ko te tātai, It=Vt/Zt, ko Vt te ngaohiko o te rotor, ā, ko Zt te ātete o te rotor. Ko te tatau i te ngaohiko o te rotor e uru ana ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ngaohiko stator me te paheke, e hiahia ana kia mōhio ngā tohunga hiko me te whakamahi matatau i ēnei tātai kia tika ai te aromatawai i te mahi a te motuka.
(II) Te hiranga o te tatau i te iahiko hurihuri
He mea nui te tatau i te iahiko hurihuri ki ngā kaihangarau i ngā huarahi maha. I tētahi taha, ka āwhina i te aromatawai i te kaha kawenga hiko o te motuka, ka taea ai e ngā kaihangarau te matapae tika i ngā huringa whanonga o te motuka i raro i ngā ngaohiko whakahaere rerekē. Hei tauira, i te wā o te tukanga whakaoho motuka, mā te aroturuki i ngā huringa o te iahiko hurihuri, ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te whakatau mēnā ka tīmata noa te motuka me te mēnā he raruraru pēnei i te taumaha rawa. I tētahi atu taha, mā te aroturuki me te tātari i te iahiko hurihuri, ka taea te whakatutuki i te whakahaere pai o te motuka, te ārai i ngā raruraru pea pēnei i te wera nui o te motuka, te koretake o te mahi, te rahunga miihini rānei, ā, mā reira ka roa ake te ora o te motuka me te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa.
4. Te tūranga matua o te paheke i roto i te tatau i te ngaohiko hurihuri
(I) Te whakamāramatanga me te tatau i te paheke
Ko te paheke te rerekētanga tere i waenga i te papa aukume hurihuri me te rotor, e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau o te tere tukutahi.Ko te tātai ko S=(N8-Nt)/Ns, ko s te paheke, ko N8 te tere tukutahi, ā, ko Nt te tere hurihuri.
Hei tauira, i roto i tētahi horopaki whakahaere motuhake o te motuka, mēnā ko te tere tukutahi he 1500 rpm, ā, ko te tere o te rotor he 1440 rpm, ka paheke teS=(1500-1440)/1500=0.04, nō reira 4%.
(II) Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te paheke me te whai huatanga o te rotor
He hononga tata kei waenganui i te paheke me te pai o te hurihanga. I te nuinga o te wā, me nui te paheke o te hurihanga hei whakaputa i te taipana me te whakatutuki i te mahi noa o te motuka. Heoi, ki te nui rawa te paheke ka piki ake te ngaronga ātete me te heke o te putanga miihini, ka pā kino ki te pai o te motuka. Engari, ki te iti rawa te paheke, ka tata pea te motuka ki te āhua tukutahi, engari ka ngoikore te kaha whakahaere o te motuka me te kaha whakaputa taipana. Nō reira, i roto i te tukanga hoahoa me te whakahaere o te motuka, he mea nui te tatau tika o te paheke me te whakatikatika tika o ngā tawhā e pā ana ki te whakamahi katoa i te tātai ngaohiko hurihanga me te whakarite kia pai te mahi a te motuka i raro i ngā kawenga rerekē.
V. Te awe o te ātete o te rotor ki te pai o te motuka
(I) Te āhua me te awe o te ātete hurihuri
Ko te ātete rotor e pā ana ki te ātete o te ara iahiko rotor ki te rere o te iahiko. He pānga nui tōna uara ki te taipana tīmatanga, te whakahaere tere me te whai huatanga o te motuka. Mā te ātete rotor teitei ka āwhina i te whakapai ake i te taipana tīmatanga o te motuka, ā, ka taea ai e te motuka te tīmata maeneene i raro i te kawenga taumaha. Heoi, i te wā e mahi noa ana te motuka, ka nui ake te ātete rotor ka nui ake te ngaronga pūngao, ā, ka whakaiti i te whai huatanga o te mahi a te motuka.
(II) Te tātai ātete rotor me te tono tātaritanga hapa
Ko te tātai ātete rotor (e whakaatuhia ana ko te Rt) ka whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te rauemi rotor, te āhua o te rotor me te pāmahana. He mea nui te tatau tika i te ātete rotor mō te whakamahi i te tātai ngaohiko rotor. I roto i te mara o te tātaritanga motuka me te tiaki ārai, mā te aroturuki i ngā huringa o te ātete rotor, ka taea te kimi i ngā raruraru pea pēnei i te kakahu kore taurite, te ara iahiko poto, te wera nui rānei i te wā tika. Hei tauira, ki te kitea te pikinga ohorere o te ātete rotor, tera pea he ara iahiko poto ā-rohe, he hononga ngoikore rānei i roto i te takai rotor. Kātahi ka taea e ngā kaimahi tiaki te mahi i ngā mahi tiaki kua whakaritea hei ārai i te puta o ngā rahunga motuka, te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi a te motuka, me te whakarite i te haere tonu me te pumau o te whakaputanga.
VI. Ngā tauira tatau me ngā pūkenga tono i roto i ngā horopaki tūturu
(I) Tauira tātaitanga tuturu
Me kī he motuka mowhiti-paheke me te ngaohiko stator o te 440 V, te ātete rotor o te 0.35Ω, me te paheke o te 0.03. Tuatahi, e ai ki te tātai ngaohiko rotor Vt=s*Vs, ka taea te whiwhi i te ngaohiko rotor Vt=0.03*440=13.2 V. Kātahi, mā te whakamahi i te tātai iahiko rotor It=Vt/Zt (me te whakaaro ko te aukati rotor Zt he 0.5Ω), ka taea te tatau i te iahiko rotor It=13.2/0.5=26.4 A.
(II) Ngā pūkenga tono me ngā tūpato I roto i ngā tono mahi
Hei whakarite i te tika me te pono o ngā hua tatau, me mōhio ēnei āhuatanga: Tuatahi, whakamahia ngā taputapu ine tino tika hei tiki i ngā tawhā mō te motuka. Hei tauira, i te ine i te ātete o te rotor me te ohmmeter, me whiriwhiri he taputapu he teitei te taumira me te hapa iti; tuarua, i te whakauru i ngā tawhā mō te tatau, me whakarite kia kotahi ngā waeine o ngā tawhā hei karo i ngā rerekētanga o ngā hua tatau nā ngā hapa tahuritanga waeine; tuatoru, tātarihia me te taiao mahi tuturu me ngā āhuatanga mahi o te motuka, hei tauira, me te whakaaro ki te awe o te pāmahana ki te ātete o te rotor, i roto i te taiao pāmahana teitei, ka piki ake pea te ātete o te rotor, ā, me whakatika tika ngā hua tatau.
Mā te whakataki whānui me te hōhonu i runga ake nei, e whakapono ana ahau kua mārama ake koe ki te tikanga tatau o te ngaohiko hurihuri o te motuka mowhiti-paheke me tōna hiranga ki te arotau i te mahi a te motuka. I roto i te mahi tūturu, mā te whai i ngā kaupae tatau me te whakaaro nui ki te awe o ngā āhuatanga maha ka āwhina i a koe ki te whakamahi katoa i ngā painga mahi o ngā motuka mowhiti paheke, te whakapai ake i te pai o te whakaputa ahumahi me te whakaiti i ngā utu tiaki taputapu.
He aha ngā mea hei aro atu māu ina tatau ana i te ngaohiko hurihuri o ngā motuka mowhiti-paheke?
- a. Te tika o ngā raraunga
- b. Te māramatanga me te whakamahinga o te tātai
- c. Ngā āhuatanga taiao me ngā āhuatanga mahi
- Te tukanga tatau me ngā taputapu
Wā tuku: Hanuere-15-2025